What characterizes atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis is primarily characterized by the buildup of plaque in the arteries. This plaque is composed of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, the accumulation of this plaque narrows the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow and an increased risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attacks and strokes.

The process begins with damage to the endothelium, the inner lining of the arteries, often caused by factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, and high cholesterol levels. Once the endothelium is damaged, cholesterol can infiltrate the artery wall and trigger an inflammatory response, which promotes the formation of plaque. As the plaque grows, it can eventually rupture, leading to the formation of blood clots, but the defining characteristic of atherosclerosis remains the initial plaque buildup itself.

Understanding this characteristic is crucial for recognizing the risk factors and preventative measures associated with atherosclerosis and its complications.